A slice is a descriptor for a contiguous segment of an underlying array and provides access to a numbered sequence of elements from that array. … Like arrays, slices are always one-dimensional but may be composed to construct higher-dimensional objects.
With arrays of arrays, the inner arrays are, by construction, always the same length; however with slices of slices (or arrays of slices), the inner lengths may vary dynamically. Moreover, the inner slices must be initialized individually.
A stack is a group of interrelated services that share dependencies, and can be orchestrated and scaled together. A single stack is capable of defining and coordinating the functionality of an entire application (though very complex applications may want to use multiple stacks).
也就是可以把 application 拆分成多個 service 來運作,這些 service 可以只跑在一台機器上,也可以在 swarm 中跑在不同機器上。原本要做到這件事,要嘛要在一台機器上裝各種 server,要分散就得在多台機器上裝各自需要的 server,再不然就得裝 VM 起來做這些事,而且也沒有個統一的地方記錄各 service 的版本等等資訊(工人智慧…)。Docker 把 setup 開發及 production 環境跟 scale up 變得簡單很多。
More docker-compose.yml
part 3 寫的 docker-compose.yml 是定義只有一個 service 的 stack。下面是有兩個 service 分別為 visualizer 跟 redis 的 stack:
An image is an executable package that includes everything needed to run an application–the code, a runtime, libraries, environment variables, and configuration files.
A container is a runtime instance of an image–what the image becomes in memory when executed (that is, an image with state, or a user process).
Container vs VM
A container runs natively on Linux and shares the kernel of the host machine with other containers. It runs a discrete process, taking no more memory than any other executable, making it lightweight.
看起來 container 是 process level 的。
a virtual machine (VM) runs a full-blown “guest” operating system with virtual access to host resources through a hypervisor. In general, VMs provide an environment with more resources than most applications need.
The RUN instruction will execute any commands in a new layer on top of the current image and commit the results.
EXPOSE 表示 container 會 listen 哪些 port
跟 docker run -p 做 port mapping 不同,不會真的 publish port
The EXPOSE instruction does not actually publish the port. It functions as a type of documentation between the person who builds the image and the person who runs the container, about which ports are intended to be published.